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Term
Acronym
Definition
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Term

Cannabidiol

Acronym

CBD

Definition

It is a molecule of type cannabinoid resulting from the plant of hemp (Cannabis sativa L).

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Carbon footprint

Acronym

Definition

The sum of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and GHG removals in a product system, expressed as CO2 equivalents and based on a life cycle assessment using the single impact category of climate change (Proposal for a regulation for sustainable products).

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Cellular agriculture

Acronym

Definition

Cellular agriculture is a new way of producing food products such as milk or meat from cells and micro-organisms.

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CE marking

Acronym

Definition

Marking by which the manufacturer indicates that the product is in conformity with the applicable requirements set out in Community harmonisation legislation providing for its affixing (Regulation (EC) No 765/2008).

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Circular economy

Acronym

Definition

Organisation of economic and social activities using production, consumption and exchange methods based on eco-design, repair, reuse and recycling, and aiming to reduce consumption and waste of resources as well as damage to the environment.

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CITEO

Acronym

Definition

Citeo is an approved eco-organisation specialising in the recycling of household packaging and graphic paper. CITEO has several missions such as the management of collection and recycling channels, the communication of good sorting practices to consumers and the development of eco-design.

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Citizens’ initiative

Acronym

Definition

The European Citizens’ Initiative allows one million European citizens to ask the European Commission to legislate on a specific issue. It is one of the most direct forms of political participation for citizens (Regulation (EU) No 2019/788).

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Claim

Acronym

Definition

Any message or representation, which is not mandatory under Community or national legislation, including pictorial, graphic or symbolic representation, in any form, which states, suggests or implies that a food has particular characteristics (Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006).

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Climate and Resilience Law (« Loi Climat et Résilience »)

Acronym

Definition

The law to fight climate change and reinforce resilience follows the work of the Citizens’ Climate Convention. It provides for specific measures on consumption, for example: regulation of some advertising, creation of an eco-score to indicate the environmental impact of goods and services and measures to prevent greenwashing.

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Code of conduct

Acronym

Definition

An agreement or set of rules not imposed by law, regulation or administrative provision of a Member State which defines the behaviour of traders who undertake to be bound by the code in relation to one or more particular commercial practices or business sectors (Directive 2005/29/CE).

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Codex Alimentarius

Acronym

Codex

Definition

The Codex Alimentarius is a collection of internationally adopted food standards and texts presented in a uniform manner. The purpose of these standards and texts is to protect the health of consumers and to ensure fair practices in the food trade. The Codex Alimentarius is intended to guide and promote the elaboration, implementation and harmonisation of definitions and requirements for food and thereby facilitate international trade. It includes provisions on food hygiene, food additives, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, contaminants, labelling and presentation, methods of analysis and sampling, and import and export inspection and certification. Codex standards do not replace or offer an alternative to national legislation.

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Common agricultural policy

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Definition

The EU’s common agricultural policy is a set of laws adopted by the EU to provide a common, unified policy on agriculture.

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Comparative advertising

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Definition

Advertising which compares goods or services by implicitly or explicitly identifying a competitor or goods or services offered by a competitor. It is only lawful under certain conditions listed in the French Consumer Code.

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Consumer

Acronym

Definition

Any natural person who, in commercial practices covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession.

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Consumption unit

Acronym

Definition

According to the European Commission, the ‘consumption unit’ must be easily recognisable by the consumer and means a unit that can be consumed individually (Directive 2005/29/EC).

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Constitutional Council (Conseil constitutionnel)

Acronym

Definition

The Conseil constitutionnel is composed of nine members appointed for nine years. The members are designated by the French President and the presidents of the parliamentary assemblies (National Assembly and Senate). As a regulator of the functioning of the public authorities and a court with a wide range of competences, it is in charge, in particular, of verifying the conformity of the law with the Constitution.

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Consumer products

Acronym

Definition

Consumer products are defined as non-sustainable products with a high frequency and recurrence of consumption (Article L441-4 of the Commercial Code). A list of these consumer products is set by decree (Decree No. 2019-1413)

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Council of State (Conseil d’Etat)

Acronym

Definition

Supreme court of the administrative order in France. Mainly judge of cassation of court decisions delivered by the administrative courts of appeal, administrative tribunals and specialised administrative courts.

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Contaminant

Acronym

Definition

Any substance not intentionally added to food which is present in such food as a result of the production (including operations carried out in crop husbandry, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine), manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food, or as a result of environmental contamination. Extraneous matter, such as, for example, insect fragments, animal hair, etc, is not covered by this definition (Regulation (EEC) No 315/93).

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Cosmetic product

Acronym

Definition

Any substance or mixture intended to be placed in contact with the external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips and external genital organs) or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity with a view exclusively or mainly to cleaning them, perfuming them, changing their appearance, protecting them, keeping them in good condition or correcting body odours (Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009).

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Counterfeiting

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Definition

Imitation or reproduction of products or objects benefiting from the intellectual property protection regime. Infringements of protected designations of origin and geographical indications (PGI) are considered to be counterfeiting.

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Cour d’appel

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Definition

A court of second instance which re-examines a case after a first judgment by a court of first instance within its jurisdiction. The court of appeal decides again on the merits of the case, i.e. on the facts. The court of appeal may overturn or confirm the first judgment (Article L311-1 of the Code of Judicial Organisation).

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Cour de Cassation

Acronym

Definition

Court at the top of the hierarchy of civil and criminal courts in France (Article L411-2 of the Code de l’organisation judiciaire).

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Court of Justice of the European Union

Acronym

CJEU

Definition

The CJEU is divided into 2 courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court. The CJEU interprets EU law to make sure it is applied in the same way in all EU countries, and settles legal disputes between national governments and EU institutions. Its role is to ensure that EU law is interpreted and applied in the same way in all EU countries and that EU countries and institutions respect EU law.

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